Examples
| Chapter 19. The Clipboard |

## Examples

### Simple

This example allows copy and pasting of application-specific data, using the standard text target. Although this is simple, it's not ideal because it does not identify the `Clipboard` data as being of a particular type.

Figure 19.1. Clipboard - Simple

Source Code

File: `examplewindow.h` (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2)

    #ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H
    #define GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

    #include <gtkmm.h>

    class ExampleWindow : public Gtk::Window
    {
    public:
      ExampleWindow();
      virtual ~ExampleWindow();

    protected:
      //Signal handlers:
      void on_button_copy();
      void on_button_paste();
      void on_clipboard_text_received(const Glib::ustring& text);

      //Child widgets:
      Gtk::Box m_VBox;

      Gtk::Label m_Label;

      Gtk::Grid m_Grid;
      Gtk::ToggleButton m_ButtonA1, m_ButtonA2, m_ButtonB1, m_ButtonB2;

      Gtk::ButtonBox m_ButtonBox;
      Gtk::Button m_Button_Copy, m_Button_Paste;
    };

    #endif //GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

File: `examplewindow.cc` (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2)

    #include "examplewindow.h"

    ExampleWindow::ExampleWindow()
    : m_VBox(Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL),
      m_Label("Select cells in the grid, click Copy, then open a second "
            "instance of this example to try pasting the copied data."),
      m_ButtonA1("A1"), m_ButtonA2("A2"), m_ButtonB1("B1"), m_ButtonB2("B2"),
      m_Button_Copy("_Copy", /* mnemonic= */ true), m_Button_Paste("_Paste", true)
    {
      set_title("Gtk::Clipboard example");
      set_border_width(12);

      add(m_VBox);

      m_VBox.pack_start(m_Label, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);

      //Fill Grid:
      m_VBox.pack_start(m_Grid);
      m_Grid.set_row_homogeneous(true);
      m_Grid.set_column_homogeneous(true);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonA1, 0, 0, 1, 1);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonA2, 1, 0, 1, 1);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonB1, 0, 1, 1, 1);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonB2, 1, 1, 1, 1);

      //Add ButtonBox to bottom:
      m_VBox.pack_start(m_ButtonBox, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
      m_VBox.set_spacing(6);

      //Fill ButtonBox:
      m_ButtonBox.set_layout(Gtk::BUTTONBOX_END);
      m_ButtonBox.pack_start(m_Button_Copy, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
      m_Button_Copy.signal_clicked().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
                  &ExampleWindow::on_button_copy) );
      m_ButtonBox.pack_start(m_Button_Paste, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
      m_Button_Paste.signal_clicked().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
                  &ExampleWindow::on_button_paste) );

      show_all_children();
    }

    ExampleWindow::~ExampleWindow()
    {
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_button_copy()
    {
      //Build a string representation of the stuff to be copied:
      //Ideally you would use XML, with an XML parser here:
      Glib::ustring strData;
      strData += m_ButtonA1.get_active() ? "1" : "0";
      strData += m_ButtonA2.get_active() ? "1" : "0";
      strData += m_ButtonB1.get_active() ? "1" : "0";
      strData += m_ButtonB2.get_active() ? "1" : "0";

      Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Clipboard> refClipboard = Gtk::Clipboard::get();
      refClipboard->set_text(strData);
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_button_paste()
    {
      //Tell the clipboard to call our method when it is ready:
      Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Clipboard> refClipboard = Gtk::Clipboard::get();
      refClipboard->request_text(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
                  &ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_text_received) );
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_text_received(const Glib::ustring& text)
    {
      //See comment in on_button_copy() about this silly clipboard format.
      if(text.size() >= 4)
      {
        m_ButtonA1.set_active( text[0] == '1' );
        m_ButtonA2.set_active( text[1] == '1' );
        m_ButtonB1.set_active( text[2] == '1' );
        m_ButtonB2.set_active( text[3] == '1' );
      }
    }

File: `main.cc` (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2)

    #include "examplewindow.h"
    #include <gtkmm/application.h>

    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
      //APPLICATION_NON_UNIQUE because it shall be possible to run several
      //instances of this application simultaneously.
      Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(
        argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.example", Gio::APPLICATION_NON_UNIQUE);

      ExampleWindow window;

      //Shows the window and returns when it is closed.
      return app->run(window);
    }

### Ideal

This is like the simple example, but it

1. Defines a custom clipboard target, though the format of that target is still text.
2. It supports pasting of 2 targets - both the custom one and a text one that creates an arbitrary text representation of the custom data.
3. It uses `request_targets()` and the `owner_change` signal and disables the Paste button if it can't use anything on the clipboard.

Figure 19.2. Clipboard - Ideal

Source Code

File: `examplewindow.h` (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2)

    #ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H
    #define GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

    #include <gtkmm.h>

    class ExampleWindow : public Gtk::Window
    {
    public:
      ExampleWindow();
      virtual ~ExampleWindow();

    protected:
      //Signal handlers:
      void on_button_copy();
      void on_button_paste();

      void on_clipboard_owner_change(GdkEventOwnerChange* event);
      void on_clipboard_get(Gtk::SelectionData& selection_data, guint info);
      void on_clipboard_clear();

      void on_clipboard_received(const Gtk::SelectionData& selection_data);
      void on_clipboard_received_targets(const std::vector<Glib::ustring>& targets);

      virtual void update_paste_status(); //Disable the paste button if there is nothing to paste.

      //Child widgets:
      Gtk::Box m_VBox;

      Gtk::Label m_Label;

      Gtk::Grid m_Grid;
      Gtk::ToggleButton m_ButtonA1, m_ButtonA2, m_ButtonB1, m_ButtonB2;

      Gtk::ButtonBox m_ButtonBox;
      Gtk::Button m_Button_Copy, m_Button_Paste;

      Glib::ustring m_ClipboardStore; //Keep copied stuff here, until it is pasted. This could be a big complex data structure.
    };

    #endif //GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

File: `examplewindow.cc` (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2)

    #include "examplewindow.h"
    #include <algorithm>

    namespace
    {

    //These should usually be MIME types.
    const char example_target_custom[] = "gtkmmclipboardexample";
    const char example_target_text[]   = "UTF8_STRING";

    } // anonymous namespace

    ExampleWindow::ExampleWindow()
    : m_VBox(Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL),
      m_Label("Select cells in the grid, click Copy, then open a second instance "
              "of this example to try pasting the copied data.\nOr try pasting the "
              "text representation into gedit."),
      m_ButtonA1("A1"), m_ButtonA2("A2"), m_ButtonB1("B1"), m_ButtonB2("B2"),
      m_Button_Copy("_Copy", /* mnemonic= */ true), m_Button_Paste("_Paste", true)
    {
      set_title("Gtk::Clipboard example");
      set_border_width(12);

      add(m_VBox);

      m_VBox.pack_start(m_Label, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);

      //Fill Grid:
      m_VBox.pack_start(m_Grid);
      m_Grid.set_row_homogeneous(true);
      m_Grid.set_column_homogeneous(true);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonA1, 0, 0, 1, 1);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonA2, 1, 0, 1, 1);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonB1, 0, 1, 1, 1);
      m_Grid.attach(m_ButtonB2, 1, 1, 1, 1);

      //Add ButtonBox to bottom:
      m_VBox.pack_start(m_ButtonBox, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
      m_VBox.set_spacing(6);

      //Fill ButtonBox:
      m_ButtonBox.set_layout(Gtk::BUTTONBOX_END);
      m_ButtonBox.pack_start(m_Button_Copy, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
      m_Button_Copy.signal_clicked().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
                  &ExampleWindow::on_button_copy) );
      m_ButtonBox.pack_start(m_Button_Paste, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
      m_Button_Paste.signal_clicked().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
                  &ExampleWindow::on_button_paste) );

      //Connect a signal handler that will be called when the contents of
      //the clipboard change.
      Gtk::Clipboard::get()->signal_owner_change().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
                  &ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_owner_change) );

      show_all_children();

      update_paste_status();
    }

    ExampleWindow::~ExampleWindow()
    {
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_button_copy()
    {
      //Build a string representation of the stuff to be copied:
      //Ideally you would use XML, with an XML parser here:
      Glib::ustring strData;
      strData += m_ButtonA1.get_active() ? "1" : "0";
      strData += m_ButtonA2.get_active() ? "1" : "0";
      strData += m_ButtonB1.get_active() ? "1" : "0";
      strData += m_ButtonB2.get_active() ? "1" : "0";

      Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Clipboard> refClipboard = Gtk::Clipboard::get();

      //Targets:
      std::vector<Gtk::TargetEntry> targets;

      targets.push_back( Gtk::TargetEntry(example_target_custom) );
      targets.push_back( Gtk::TargetEntry(example_target_text) );

      refClipboard->set(targets,
        sigc::mem_fun(*this, &ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_get),
        sigc::mem_fun(*this, &ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_clear) );

      //Store the copied data until it is pasted:
      //(Must be done after the call to refClipboard->set(), because that call
      //may trigger a call to on_clipboard_clear.)
      m_ClipboardStore = strData;

      update_paste_status();
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_button_paste()
    {
      //Tell the clipboard to call our method when it is ready:
      Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Clipboard> refClipboard = Gtk::Clipboard::get();

      refClipboard->request_contents(example_target_custom,
        sigc::mem_fun(*this, &ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_received) );

      update_paste_status();
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_owner_change(GdkEventOwnerChange*)
    {
      update_paste_status();
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_get(Gtk::SelectionData& selection_data,
      guint /* info */)
    {
      // info corresponds to the optional info parameter in Gtk::TargetEntry's
      // constructor. We don't use that, so we use selection_data's target instead.

      const std::string target = selection_data.get_target();

      if(target == example_target_custom)
      {
        // This set() override uses an 8-bit text format for the data.
        selection_data.set(example_target_custom, m_ClipboardStore);
      }
      else if(target == example_target_text)
      {
        //Build some arbitrary text representation of the data,
        //so that people see something when they paste into a text editor:
        Glib::ustring text_representation;

        text_representation += m_ButtonA1.get_active() ? "A1, " : "";
        text_representation += m_ButtonA2.get_active() ? "A2, " : "";
        text_representation += m_ButtonB1.get_active() ? "B1, " : "";
        text_representation += m_ButtonB2.get_active() ? "B2, " : "";

        selection_data.set_text(text_representation);
      }
      else
      {
        g_warning("ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_get(): "
                "Unexpected clipboard target format.");
      }
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_clear()
    {
      //This isn't really necessary. I guess it might save memory.
      m_ClipboardStore.clear();
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_received(
            const Gtk::SelectionData& selection_data)
    {
      const std::string target = selection_data.get_target();

      //It should always be this, because that's what we asked for when calling
      //request_contents().
      if(target == example_target_custom)
      {
        Glib::ustring clipboard_data = selection_data.get_data_as_string();

        //See comment in on_button_copy() about this silly clipboard format.
        if(clipboard_data.size() >= 4)
        {
          m_ButtonA1.set_active( clipboard_data[0] == '1' );
          m_ButtonA2.set_active( clipboard_data[1] == '1' );
          m_ButtonB1.set_active( clipboard_data[2] == '1' );
          m_ButtonB2.set_active( clipboard_data[3] == '1' );
        }
      }
    }

    void ExampleWindow::update_paste_status()
    {
      //Disable the paste button if there is nothing to paste.

      Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Clipboard> refClipboard = Gtk::Clipboard::get();

      //Discover what targets are available:
      refClipboard->request_targets(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
                  &ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_received_targets) );
    }

    void ExampleWindow::on_clipboard_received_targets(
      const std::vector<Glib::ustring>& targets)
    {
      const bool bPasteIsPossible =
        std::find(targets.begin(), targets.end(),
          example_target_custom) != targets.end();

      // Enable/Disable the Paste button appropriately:
      m_Button_Paste.set_sensitive(bPasteIsPossible);
    }

File: `main.cc` (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2)

    #include "examplewindow.h"
    #include <gtkmm/application.h>

    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
      //APPLICATION_NON_UNIQUE because it shall be possible to run several
      //instances of this application simultaneously.
      Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(
        argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.example", Gio::APPLICATION_NON_UNIQUE);

      ExampleWindow window;

      //Shows the window and returns when it is closed.
      return app->run(window);
    }

Paste |  | Chapter 20. Printing