ICU 76.1 76.1

Data Structures | Namespaces | Macros | Typedefs | Functions
unistr.h File Reference

C++ API: Unicode String. More...

`#include "unicode/utypes.h"`
`#include <cstddef>`
`#include <string_view>`
`#include "unicode/char16ptr.h"`
`#include "unicode/rep.h"`
`#include "unicode/std_string.h"`
`#include "unicode/stringpiece.h"`
`#include "unicode/bytestream.h"`

Go to the source code of this file.

## Data Structures
class | icu::UnicodeString
| UnicodeString is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides similar functionality as the Java String and StringBuffer/StringBuilder classes. More...

## Namespaces
| icu
| File coll.h.

## Macros
#define | US_INV icu::UnicodeString::kInvariant
| Constant to be used in the UnicodeString(char *, int32_t, EInvariant) constructor which constructs a Unicode string from an invariant-character char * string. More...
#define | UNICODE_STRING(cs, _length) icu::UnicodeString(true, u ## cs, _length)
| Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. More...
#define | UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE(cs) UNICODE_STRING(cs, -1)
| Unicode String literals in C++. More...
#define | UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT
| This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". More...
#define | UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT
| This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". More...
#define | UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE 64
| Desired sizeof(UnicodeString) in bytes. More...

## Typedefs
typedef int32_t | UStringCaseMapper(int32_t caseLocale, uint32_t options, icu::BreakIterator *iter, char16_t *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const char16_t *src, int32_t srcLength, icu::Edits *edits, UErrorCode &errorCode)
| Internal string case mapping function type. More...

## Functions
U_CAPI int32_t | u_strlen (const UChar *s)
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString | icu::operator+ (const UnicodeString &s1, const UnicodeString &s2)
| Creates a new UnicodeString from the concatenation of two others. More...
template<typename S , typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>>
UnicodeString | icu::operator+ (const UnicodeString &s1, const S &s2)
| Creates a new UnicodeString from the concatenation of a UnicodeString and `s2` which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. More...
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString | icu::unistr_internalConcat (const UnicodeString &s1, std::u16string_view s2)

## Detailed Description

C++ API: Unicode String.

Definition in file unistr.h.

## Macro Definition Documentation

## ◆ UNICODE_STRING

#define UNICODE_STRING | ( |  | cs,
|  |  | _length
| ) |  | icu::UnicodeString(true, u ## cs, _length)

Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals.

Prior to the availability of C++11 and u"UTF-16 string literals", this macro was provided for portability and efficiency when initializing UnicodeStrings from literals.

Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time length determination:

UnicodeString str(u"literal");
if (str == u"other literal") { ... }

The string parameter must be a C string literal. The length of the string, not including the terminating `NUL`, must be specified as a constant.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

Definition at line 121 of file unistr.h.

## ◆ UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE

#define UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE | ( |  | cs | ) | UNICODE_STRING(cs, -1)

Unicode String literals in C++.

Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. See UNICODE_STRING.

The string parameter must be a C string literal.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

See also
  UNICODE_STRING

Definition at line 135 of file unistr.h.

## ◆ UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT

#define UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT

This can be defined to be empty or "explicit".

If explicit, then the UnicodeString(char16_t) and UnicodeString(UChar32) constructors are marked as explicit, preventing their inadvertent use.

Stable:
  ICU 49

Definition at line 150 of file unistr.h.

## ◆ UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT

#define UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT

This can be defined to be empty or "explicit".

If explicit, then the UnicodeString(const char *) and UnicodeString(const char16_t *) constructors are marked as explicit, preventing their inadvertent use.

In particular, this helps prevent accidentally depending on ICU conversion code by passing a string literal into an API with a const UnicodeString & parameter.

Stable:
  ICU 49

Definition at line 170 of file unistr.h.

## ◆ UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE

#define UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE 64

Desired sizeof(UnicodeString) in bytes.

It should be a multiple of sizeof(pointer) to avoid unusable space for padding. The object size may want to be a multiple of 16 bytes, which is a common granularity for heap allocation.

Any space inside the object beyond sizeof(vtable pointer) + 2 is available for storing short strings inside the object. The bigger the object, the longer a string that can be stored inside the object, without additional heap allocation.

Depending on a platform's pointer size, pointer alignment requirements, and struct padding, the compiler will usually round up sizeof(UnicodeString) to 4 * sizeof(pointer) (or 3 * sizeof(pointer) for P128 data models), to hold the fields for heap-allocated strings. Such a minimum size also ensures that the object is easily large enough to hold at least 2 char16_ts, for one supplementary code point (U16_MAX_LENGTH).

sizeof(UnicodeString) >= 48 should work for all known platforms.

For example, on a 64-bit machine where sizeof(vtable pointer) is 8, sizeof(UnicodeString) = 64 would leave space for (64 - sizeof(vtable pointer) - 2) / U_SIZEOF_UCHAR = (64 - 8 - 2) / 2 = 27 char16_ts stored inside the object.

The minimum object size on a 64-bit machine would be 4 * sizeof(pointer) = 4 * 8 = 32 bytes, and the internal buffer would hold up to 11 char16_ts in that case.

See also
  U16_MAX_LENGTH

Stable:
  ICU 56

Definition at line 208 of file unistr.h.

## ◆ US_INV

#define US_INV icu::UnicodeString::kInvariant

Constant to be used in the UnicodeString(char *, int32_t, EInvariant) constructor which constructs a Unicode string from an invariant-character char * string.

About invariant characters see utypes.h. This constructor has no runtime dependency on conversion code and is therefore recommended over ones taking a charset name string (where the empty string "" indicates invariant-character conversion).

Stable:
  ICU 3.2

Definition at line 98 of file unistr.h.

## Typedef Documentation

## ◆ UStringCaseMapper

typedef int32_t UStringCaseMapper(int32_t caseLocale, uint32_t options, icu::BreakIterator *iter, char16_t *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const char16_t *src, int32_t srcLength, icu::Edits *edits, UErrorCode &errorCode)

Internal string case mapping function type.

All error checking must be done. src and dest must not overlap.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 71 of file unistr.h.