ICU 78.1 78.1

Data Structures | Typedefs | Enumerations | Functions | Variables
utfiterator.h File Reference

C++ header-only API: C++ iterators over Unicode strings (=UTF-8/16/32 if well-formed). More...

`#include "unicode/utypes.h"`
`#include <iterator>`
`#include <string>`
`#include <string_view>`
`#include <type_traits>`
`#include "unicode/utf16.h"`
`#include "unicode/utf8.h"`
`#include "unicode/uversion.h"`

Go to the source code of this file.

## Data Structures
struct | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range_type< Range, typename >
struct | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range_type< Range, std::void_t< decltype(std::declval< Range >().begin()), decltype(std::declval< Range >().end())> >
struct | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::is_basic_string_view< T >
struct | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::is_basic_string_view< std::basic_string_view< Args... > >
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::CodePointsIterator< CP32, skipSurrogates >
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::AllCodePoints< CP32 >
| A C++ "range" over all Unicode code points U+0000..U+10FFFF. More...
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::AllScalarValues< CP32 >
| A C++ "range" over all Unicode scalar values U+0000..U+D7FF & U+E000..U+10FFFF. More...
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeCodeUnits< CP32, UnitIter, typename >
| Result of decoding a code unit sequence for one code point. More...
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::CodeUnits< CP32, UnitIter, typename >
| Result of validating and decoding a code unit sequence for one code point. More...
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UTFIterator< CP32, behavior, UnitIter, LimitIter, typename >
| Validating iterator over the code points in a Unicode string. More...
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UTFStringCodePoints< CP32, behavior, Range >
| A C++ "range" for validating iteration over all of the code points of a code unit range. More...
struct | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32, behavior >
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeUTFIterator< CP32, UnitIter, typename >
| Non-validating iterator over the code points in a Unicode string. More...
class | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints< CP32, Range >
| A C++ "range" for non-validating iteration over all of the code points of a code unit range. More...
struct | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::UnsafeUTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32 >

## Typedefs
typedef enum UTFIllFormedBehavior | UTFIllFormedBehavior
| Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings. More...
template<typename Iter >
using | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_value_t = typename std::iterator_traits< Iter >::value_type
template<typename Iter >
using | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_difference_t = typename std::iterator_traits< Iter >::difference_type

## Enumerations
enum | UTFIllFormedBehavior { UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE , UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD , UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE }
| Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings. More...

## Functions
template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>
auto | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator (UnitIter start, UnitIter p, LimitIter limit)
| UTFIterator factory function for start <= p < limit. More...
template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>
auto | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator (UnitIter p, LimitIter limit)
| UTFIterator factory function for start = p < limit. More...
template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter >
auto | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator (UnitIter p)
| UTFIterator factory function for a start or limit sentinel. More...
template<typename CP32 , typename UnitIter >
auto | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator (UnitIter iter)
| UnsafeUTFIterator factory function. More...

## Variables
template<typename Iter >
constexpr bool | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::forward_iterator
template<typename Iter >
constexpr bool | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::bidirectional_iterator
template<typename Range >
constexpr bool | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range = range_type<Range>::value
template<typename T >
constexpr bool | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::is_basic_string_view_v = is_basic_string_view<T>::value
template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior>
constexpr UTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32, behavior > | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfStringCodePoints
| Range adaptor function object returning a UTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range, which validates while decoding. More...
template<typename CP32 >
constexpr UnsafeUTFStringCodePointsAdaptor< CP32 > | U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFStringCodePoints
| Range adaptor function object returning an UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range. More...

## Detailed Description

C++ header-only API: C++ iterators over Unicode strings (=UTF-8/16/32 if well-formed).

Sample code:

#include <string_view>
#include <iostream>
#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#include "unicode/utfiterator.h"
using icu::header::utfIterator;
using icu::header::utfStringCodePoints;
using icu::header::unsafeUTFIterator;
using icu::header::unsafeUTFStringCodePoints;
int32_t rangeLoop16(std::u16string_view s) {
// We are just adding up the code points for minimal-code demonstration purposes.
int32_t sum = 0;
for (auto units : utfStringCodePoints<UChar32, UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE>(s)) {
sum += units.codePoint(); // < 0 if ill-formed
}
return sum;
}
int32_t loopIterPlusPlus16(std::u16string_view s) {
auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
int32_t sum = 0;
for (auto iter = range.begin(), limit = range.end(); iter != limit;) {
sum += (*iter++).codePoint(); // U+FFFD if ill-formed
}
return sum;
}
int32_t backwardLoop16(std::u16string_view s) {
auto range = utfStringCodePoints<UChar32, UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE>(s);
int32_t sum = 0;
for (auto start = range.begin(), iter = range.end(); start != iter;) {
sum += (*--iter).codePoint(); // surrogate code point if unpaired / ill-formed
}
return sum;
}
int32_t reverseLoop8(std::string_view s) {
auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
int32_t sum = 0;
for (auto iter = range.rbegin(), limit = range.rend(); iter != limit; ++iter) {
sum += iter->codePoint(); // U+FFFD if ill-formed
}
return sum;
}
int32_t countCodePoints16(std::u16string_view s) {
auto range = utfStringCodePoints<UChar32, UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE>(s);
return std::distance(range.begin(), range.end());
}
int32_t unsafeRangeLoop16(std::u16string_view s) {
int32_t sum = 0;
for (auto units : unsafeUTFStringCodePoints<UChar32>(s)) {
sum += units.codePoint();
}
return sum;
}
int32_t unsafeReverseLoop8(std::string_view s) {
auto range = unsafeUTFStringCodePoints<UChar32>(s);
int32_t sum = 0;
for (auto iter = range.rbegin(), limit = range.rend(); iter != limit; ++iter) {
sum += iter->codePoint();
}
return sum;
}
char32_t firstCodePointOrFFFD16(std::u16string_view s) {
if (s.empty()) { return 0xfffd; }
auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
return range.begin()->codePoint();
}
std::string_view firstSequence8(std::string_view s) {
if (s.empty()) { return {}; }
auto range = utfStringCodePoints<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(s);
auto units = *(range.begin());
if (units.wellFormed()) {
return units.stringView();
} else {
return {};
}
}
template<typename InputStream> // some istream or streambuf
std::u32string cpFromInput(InputStream &in) {
// This is a single-pass input_iterator.
std::istreambuf_iterator bufIter(in);
std::istreambuf_iterator<typename InputStream::char_type> bufLimit;
auto iter = utfIterator<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(bufIter);
auto limit = utfIterator<char32_t, UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD>(bufLimit);
std::u32string s32;
for (; iter != limit; ++iter) {
s32.push_back(iter->codePoint());
}
return s32;
}
std::u32string cpFromStdin() { return cpFromInput(std::cin); }
std::u32string cpFromWideStdin() { return cpFromInput(std::wcin); }
utfiterator.h
C++ header-only API: C++ iterators over Unicode strings (=UTF-8/16/32 if well-formed).
U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range
constexpr bool range
Definition: utfiterator.h:232
utypes.h
Basic definitions for ICU, for both C and C++ APIs.

Definition in file utfiterator.h.

## Typedef Documentation

## ◆ iter_difference_t

template<typename Iter >

using U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_difference_t = typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::difference_type

Internal:
  Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 203 of file utfiterator.h.

## ◆ iter_value_t

template<typename Iter >

using U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::iter_value_t = typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type

Internal:
  Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 199 of file utfiterator.h.

## ◆ UTFIllFormedBehavior

typedef enum UTFIllFormedBehavior UTFIllFormedBehavior

Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings.

This is a template parameter for UTFIterator and related classes.

When a validating UTFIterator encounters an ill-formed code unit sequence, then CodeUnits.codePoint() is a value according to this parameter.

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

See also
  CodeUnits
  UTFIterator
  UTFStringCodePoints

## Enumeration Type Documentation

## ◆ UTFIllFormedBehavior

enum UTFIllFormedBehavior

Some defined behaviors for handling ill-formed Unicode strings.

This is a template parameter for UTFIterator and related classes.

When a validating UTFIterator encounters an ill-formed code unit sequence, then CodeUnits.codePoint() is a value according to this parameter.

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

See also
  CodeUnits
  UTFIterator
  UTFStringCodePoints

Enumerator
UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE | Returns a negative value (-1=U_SENTINEL) instead of a code point. If the CP32 template parameter for the relevant classes is an unsigned type, then the negative value becomes 0xffffffff=UINT32_MAX. Draft: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78
UTF_BEHAVIOR_FFFD | Returns U+FFFD Replacement Character. Draft: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78
UTF_BEHAVIOR_SURROGATE | UTF-8: Not allowed; UTF-16: returns the unpaired surrogate; UTF-32: returns the surrogate code point, or U+FFFD if out of range. Draft: This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 149 of file utfiterator.h.

## Function Documentation

## ◆ unsafeUTFIterator()

template<typename CP32 , typename UnitIter >

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator | ( | UnitIter | iter | ) |

UnsafeUTFIterator factory function.

Deduces the UnitIter template parameter from the input.

Template Parameters

  CP32 | Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
  UnitIter | Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t

Parameters

  iter | code unit iterator

Returns
  an UnsafeUTFIterator<CP32, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterator or character pointer

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 2486 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator().

Referenced by U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFIterator().

## ◆ utfIterator() [1/3]

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter >

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator | ( | UnitIter | p | ) |

UTFIterator factory function for a start or limit sentinel.

Deduces the UnitIter template parameter from the input. Requires UnitIter to be copyable.

Template Parameters

  CP32 | Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
  behavior | How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
  UnitIter | Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t

Parameters

  p | code unit iterator. When using a code unit sentinel, then that sentinel also works as a sentinel for the code point iterator.

Returns
  a UTFIterator<CP32, behavior, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterator or character pointer

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1745 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

## ◆ utfIterator() [2/3]

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator | ( | UnitIter | p,
|  | LimitIter | limit
| ) |  |

UTFIterator factory function for start = p < limit.

Deduces the UnitIter and LimitIter template parameters from the inputs.

Template Parameters

  CP32 | Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
  behavior | How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
  UnitIter | Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t
  LimitIter | Either the same as UnitIter, or an iterator sentinel type.

Parameters

  p | start and current-position code unit iterator
  limit | limit (exclusive-end) code unit iterator. When using a code unit sentinel (UnitIter≠LimitIter), then that sentinel also works as a sentinel for the code point iterator.

Returns
  a UTFIterator<CP32, behavior, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterators or character pointers

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1715 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

## ◆ utfIterator() [3/3]

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior, typename UnitIter , typename LimitIter = UnitIter>

auto U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator | ( | UnitIter | start,
|  | UnitIter | p,
|  | LimitIter | limit
| ) |  |

UTFIterator factory function for start <= p < limit.

Deduces the UnitIter and LimitIter template parameters from the inputs. Only enabled if UnitIter is a (multi-pass) forward_iterator or better.

Template Parameters

  CP32 | Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
  behavior | How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
  UnitIter | Can usually be omitted/deduced: An iterator (often a pointer) that returns a code unit type: UTF-8: char or char8_t or uint8_t; UTF-16: char16_t or uint16_t or (on Windows) wchar_t; UTF-32: char32_t or UChar32=int32_t or (on Linux) wchar_t
  LimitIter | Either the same as UnitIter, or an iterator sentinel type.

Parameters

  start | start code unit iterator
  p | current-position code unit iterator
  limit | limit (exclusive-end) code unit iterator. When using a code unit sentinel (UnitIter≠LimitIter), then that sentinel also works as a sentinel for the code point iterator.

Returns
  a UTFIterator<CP32, behavior, UnitIter> for the given code unit iterators or character pointers

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1688 of file utfiterator.h.

References U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

Referenced by U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfIterator().

## Variable Documentation

## ◆ bidirectional_iterator

template<typename Iter >

constexpr bool U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::bidirectional_iterator
| constexpr

Initial value:
=
std::is_base_of_v<
std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,
typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category>

Internal:
  Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 214 of file utfiterator.h.

## ◆ forward_iterator

template<typename Iter >

constexpr bool U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::forward_iterator
| constexpr

Initial value:
=
std::is_base_of_v<
std::forward_iterator_tag,
typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category>

Internal:
  Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 207 of file utfiterator.h.

## ◆ is_basic_string_view_v

template<typename T >

constexpr bool U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::is_basic_string_view_v = is_basic_string_view<T>::value
| constexpr

Internal:
  Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 244 of file utfiterator.h.

## ◆ range

template<typename Range >

constexpr bool U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::prv::range = range_type<Range>::value
| constexpr

Internal:
  Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 232 of file utfiterator.h.

## ◆ unsafeUTFStringCodePoints

template<typename CP32 >

constexpr UnsafeUTFStringCodePointsAdaptor<CP32> U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::unsafeUTFStringCodePoints
| constexpr

Range adaptor function object returning an UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range.

The string must be well-formed. Deduces the Range template parameter from the input, taking into account the value category: the code units will be referenced if possible, and moved if necessary.

Template Parameters

  CP32 | Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t
  Range | A C++ "range" of Unicode UTF-8/16/32 code units

Parameters

  unitRange | input range

Returns
  an UnsafeUTFStringCodePoints<CP32, Range> for the given unitRange

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 2658 of file utfiterator.h.

## ◆ utfStringCodePoints

template<typename CP32 , UTFIllFormedBehavior behavior>

constexpr UTFStringCodePointsAdaptor<CP32, behavior> U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE::utfStringCodePoints
| constexpr

Range adaptor function object returning a UTFStringCodePoints object that represents a "range" of code points in a code unit range, which validates while decoding.

Deduces the Range template parameter from the input, taking into account the value category: the code units will be referenced if possible, and moved if necessary.

Template Parameters

  CP32 | Code point type: UChar32 (=int32_t) or char32_t or uint32_t; should be signed if UTF_BEHAVIOR_NEGATIVE
  behavior | How to handle ill-formed Unicode strings
  Range | A C++ "range" of Unicode UTF-8/16/32 code units

Parameters

  unitRange | input range

Returns
  a UTFStringCodePoints<CP32, behavior, Range> for the given unitRange

Draft:
  This API may be changed in the future versions and was introduced in ICU 78

Definition at line 1926 of file utfiterator.h.