/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef itkGPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter_hxx
#define itkGPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter_hxx


#include "itkImageRegionIterator.h"
#include "itkImageLinearIteratorWithIndex.h"
#include "itkDataObject.h"

#include "itkGaussianOperator.h"
#include "itkVectorNeighborhoodOperatorImageFilter.h"

#include "itkMath.h"

// #define NOT_REORDER_GPU_MEMORY

namespace itk
{

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter()
{
  this->SetNumberOfIterations(10);

  this->SetStandardDeviations(1.0);
  this->SetUpdateFieldStandardDeviations(1.0);

  m_TempField = DisplacementFieldType::New();

  // Build GPU program

  std::ostringstream defines;

  if (TFixedImage::ImageDimension > 3 || TFixedImage::ImageDimension < 1)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("GPUDenseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter supports 1/2/3D image.");
  }

  defines << "#define DIM_" << TDisplacementField::ImageDimension << '\n';

  // PixelType is a Vector
  defines << "#define OUTPIXELTYPE ";
  GetTypenameInString(typeid(DeformationScalarType), defines);

  using GPUCodeType = const char *;
  GPUCodeType GPUSource = GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter::GetOpenCLSource();

  // load and build program
  this->m_GPUKernelManager->LoadProgramFromString(GPUSource, defines.str().c_str());

  // create kernel
#ifdef NOT_REORDER_GPU_MEMORY
  m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle = this->m_GPUKernelManager->CreateKernel("SmoothingFilter");
#else
  m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle = this->m_GPUKernelManager->CreateKernel("SmoothingFilterReorder");
#endif
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::PrintSelf(
  std::ostream & os,
  Indent         indent) const
{
  GPUSuperclass::PrintSelf(os, indent);

  itkPrintSelfObjectMacro(TempField);

  os << indent << "SmoothingKernelSizes: ";
  for (unsigned d = 0; d < ImageDimension; ++d)
  {
    os << indent.GetNextIndent() << m_SmoothingKernelSizes[d] << std::endl;
  }

  os << indent << "SmoothingKernels: ";
  if (m_SmoothingKernels != nullptr)
  {
    for (unsigned d = 0; d < ImageDimension; ++d)
    {
      os << indent.GetNextIndent() << m_SmoothingKernels[d] << std::endl;
    }
  }

  os << indent << "GPUSmoothingKernels: ";
  if (m_GPUSmoothingKernels != nullptr)
  {
    for (unsigned d = 0; d < ImageDimension; ++d)
    {
      os << indent.GetNextIndent() << m_GPUSmoothingKernels[d] << std::endl;
    }
  }

  os << indent << "UpdateFieldSmoothingKernelSizes: ";
  for (unsigned d = 0; d < ImageDimension; ++d)
  {
    os << indent.GetNextIndent() << m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernelSizes[d] << std::endl;
  }

  os << indent << "UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels: ";
  if (m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels != nullptr)
  {
    for (unsigned d = 0; d < ImageDimension; ++d)
    {
      os << indent.GetNextIndent() << m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels[d] << std::endl;
    }
  }

  os << indent << "UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels: ";
  if (m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels != nullptr)
  {
    for (unsigned d = 0; d < ImageDimension; ++d)
    {
      os << indent.GetNextIndent() << m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[d] << std::endl;
    }
  }

  os << indent << "ImageSizes: ";
  if (m_ImageSizes != nullptr)
  {
    os << *m_ImageSizes << std::endl;
  }
  else
  {
    os << "(null)" << std::endl;
  }

  itkPrintSelfObjectMacro(GPUImageSizes);

  os << indent << "SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle: " << m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle << std::endl;
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  InitializeIteration()
{
  MovingImageConstPointer movingPtr = this->GetMovingImage();
  FixedImageConstPointer  fixedPtr = this->GetFixedImage();

  if (!movingPtr || !fixedPtr)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Fixed and/or moving image not set");
  }

  // update variables in the equation object
  auto * f = dynamic_cast<GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFunctionType *>(this->GetDifferenceFunction().GetPointer());

  if (!f)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("FiniteDifferenceFunction not of type PDEDeformableRegistrationFilterFunction");
  }

  f->SetFixedImage(fixedPtr);
  f->SetMovingImage(movingPtr);

  this->GPUSuperclass::InitializeIteration();
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  CopyInputToOutput()
{
  typename GPUSuperclass::InputImageType::ConstPointer inputPtr = this->GetInput();

  if (inputPtr)
  {
    this->GPUSuperclass::CopyInputToOutput();
  }
  else
  {
    typename GPUSuperclass::PixelType zeros;
    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < ImageDimension; ++j)
    {
      zeros[j] = 0;
    }

    using GPUOutputImage = typename itk::GPUTraits<TDisplacementField>::Type;
    typename GPUOutputImage::Pointer output = dynamic_cast<GPUOutputImage *>(this->GetOutput());

    ImageRegionIterator<OutputImageType> out(output, output->GetRequestedRegion());

    while (!out.IsAtEnd())
    {
      out.Value() = zeros;
      ++out;
    }

    // copy the deformation output to gpu
    output->GetGPUDataManager()->SetGPUDirtyFlag(true);
  }
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  GenerateOutputInformation()
{
  typename DataObject::Pointer output;
  //   typename OutputImageType::Pointer output;

  if (this->GetInput(0))
  {
    // Initial deformation field is set.
    // Copy information from initial field.
    this->GPUSuperclass::GenerateOutputInformation();
  }
  else if (this->GetFixedImage())
  {
    // Initial deformation field is not set.
    // Copy information from the fixed image.
    for (unsigned int idx = 0; idx < this->GetNumberOfOutputs(); ++idx)
    {
      output = this->GetOutput(idx);
      if (output)
      {
        output->CopyInformation(this->GetFixedImage());
      }
    }
  }
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  GenerateInputRequestedRegion()
{
  // call the GPUSuperclass's implementation
  GPUSuperclass::GenerateInputRequestedRegion();

  // request the largest possible region for the moving image
  MovingImagePointer movingPtr = const_cast<MovingImageType *>(this->GetMovingImage());
  if (movingPtr)
  {
    movingPtr->SetRequestedRegionToLargestPossibleRegion();
  }

  // just propagate up the output requested region for
  // the fixed image and initial deformation field.
  DisplacementFieldPointer inputPtr = const_cast<DisplacementFieldType *>(this->GetInput());
  DisplacementFieldPointer outputPtr = this->GetOutput();
  FixedImagePointer        fixedPtr = const_cast<FixedImageType *>(this->GetFixedImage());

  if (inputPtr)
  {
    inputPtr->SetRequestedRegion(outputPtr->GetRequestedRegion());
  }

  if (fixedPtr)
  {
    fixedPtr->SetRequestedRegion(outputPtr->GetRequestedRegion());
  }
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  PostProcessOutput()
{
  // Call GPUFiniteDifferenceImageFilter::PostProcessOutput().
  // This is similar to the CPU version where
  // PDEDeformableRegistrationFilter::PostProcessOutput() calls
  // FiniteDifferenceImageFilter::PostProcessOutput().
  this->GPUSuperclass::PostProcessOutput();

  // Release memory for smoothing buffer
  m_TempField->Initialize();
  // Release memory for smoothing kernels
  for (unsigned int dir = 0; dir < ImageDimension; ++dir)
  {
    m_GPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->Initialize();
    delete m_SmoothingKernels[dir];
    m_SmoothingKernels[dir] = nullptr;

    m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->Initialize();
    delete m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels[dir];
    m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels[dir] = nullptr;
  }

  m_GPUImageSizes->Initialize();
  delete m_ImageSizes;
  m_ImageSizes = nullptr;

  auto * f = dynamic_cast<GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFunctionType *>(this->GetDifferenceFunction().GetPointer());
  f->GPUReleaseMetricData();

  // update the cpu buffer from gpu
  this->GetOutput()->GetBufferPointer();
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::Initialize()
{
  this->GPUSuperclass::Initialize();

  this->AllocateSmoothingBuffer();

  FixedImageConstPointer fixedImage = this->GetFixedImage();
  auto numPixels = static_cast<unsigned int>(fixedImage->GetLargestPossibleRegion().GetNumberOfPixels());

  auto * f = dynamic_cast<GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFunctionType *>(this->GetDifferenceFunction().GetPointer());
  f->GPUAllocateMetricData(numPixels);
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  GPUSmoothVectorField(DisplacementFieldPointer         field,
                       typename GPUDataManager::Pointer GPUSmoothingKernels[],
                       int                              GPUSmoothingKernelSizes[])
{
  using GPUBufferImage = typename itk::GPUTraits<TDisplacementField>::Type;
  using GPUOutputImage = typename itk::GPUTraits<TDisplacementField>::Type;

  typename GPUBufferImage::Pointer bfPtr = dynamic_cast<GPUBufferImage *>(m_TempField.GetPointer());
  typename GPUOutputImage::Pointer otPtr = dynamic_cast<GPUOutputImage *>(field.GetPointer());

  typename GPUOutputImage::SizeType outSize = otPtr->GetLargestPossibleRegion().GetSize();

  int imgSize[3];
  imgSize[0] = imgSize[1] = imgSize[2] = 1;

  int ImageDim = static_cast<int>(TDisplacementField::ImageDimension);
  if (ImageDim > 3)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("GPUSmoothDisplacementField supports 1/2/3D images.");
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < ImageDim; ++i)
  {
    imgSize[i] = outSize[i];
  }

  size_t localSize[3], globalSize[3];
  size_t blockSize;
  int    indir, outdir; // direction for
                        // smoothing
                        // and/or storage
  size_t kernelWorkGroupSize;
  this->m_GPUKernelManager->GetKernelWorkGroupInfo(
    m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, CL_KERNEL_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, &kernelWorkGroupSize);

  size_t deviceWorkItemSizes[3];
  this->m_GPUKernelManager->GetDeviceInfo(
    CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_ITEM_SIZES, sizeof(deviceWorkItemSizes), deviceWorkItemSizes);

  for (indir = 0; indir < ImageDim; ++indir)
  {
    // If blockSize is too big, there will be lot of wasted threads at image
    // boundary, and each work group requires a lot of resources.
    // If blockSize is too small, threads in a work group won't share much
    // memory loading.
    blockSize = kernelWorkGroupSize <= deviceWorkItemSizes[indir] ? kernelWorkGroupSize : deviceWorkItemSizes[indir];
    blockSize = blockSize <= outSize[indir] ? blockSize : outSize[indir];
    blockSize = blockSize <= 64 ? blockSize : 64;
    // std::cout << "indir=" << indir << " blockSize=" << blockSize << std::endl;

    for (auto & i : localSize)
    {
      i = 1;
    }
    localSize[indir] = blockSize;

    for (int i = 0; i < ImageDim; ++i)
    {
      // total # of threads
      globalSize[i] = localSize[i] * static_cast<unsigned int>(
                                       ceil(static_cast<float>(outSize[i]) / static_cast<float>(localSize[i])));
    }

    outdir = (indir + 1) % ImageDim;

    // arguments set up
    int argidx = 0;
    if (indir % 2 == 0)
    {
      this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArgWithImage(
        m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, otPtr->GetGPUDataManager());
      this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArgWithImage(
        m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, bfPtr->GetGPUDataManager());
    }
    else // swapping input and output
    {
      this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArgWithImage(
        m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, bfPtr->GetGPUDataManager());
      this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArgWithImage(
        m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, otPtr->GetGPUDataManager());
    }

    // image size
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArgWithImage(
      m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, m_GPUImageSizes);
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArg(
      m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, sizeof(int), &(ImageDim));

    // smoothing kernel
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArgWithImage(
      m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, GPUSmoothingKernels[indir]);
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArg(
      m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, sizeof(int), &(GPUSmoothingKernelSizes[indir]));

    // indir and outdir
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArg(m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, sizeof(int), &(indir));
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArg(m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle, argidx++, sizeof(int), &(outdir));

    // shared memory below
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArg(m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle,
                                           argidx++,
                                           sizeof(DeformationScalarType) * GPUSmoothingKernelSizes[indir],
                                           nullptr);
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->SetKernelArg(m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle,
                                           argidx++,
                                           sizeof(DeformationScalarType) *
                                             (localSize[indir] + GPUSmoothingKernelSizes[indir] - 1),
                                           nullptr);

    // launch kernel
    this->m_GPUKernelManager->LaunchKernel(m_SmoothDisplacementFieldGPUKernelHandle,
                                           static_cast<int>(TDisplacementField::ImageDimension),
                                           globalSize,
                                           localSize);
  } // for smoothing direction indir

  if (ImageDim % 2 != 0) // swap the final result if ImageDim is odd
  {
    DisplacementFieldPointer swapPtr = DisplacementFieldType::New();
    swapPtr->Graft(otPtr);
    otPtr->Graft(bfPtr);
    bfPtr->Graft(swapPtr);
  }
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  SmoothDisplacementField()
{
  this->m_SmoothFieldTime.Start();
  this->GPUSmoothVectorField(this->GetDisplacementField(), this->m_GPUSmoothingKernels, this->m_SmoothingKernelSizes);
  this->m_SmoothFieldTime.Stop();
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  SmoothUpdateField()
{
  this->m_SmoothFieldTime.Start();
  this->GPUSmoothVectorField(
    this->GetUpdateBuffer(), this->m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels, this->m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernelSizes);
  this->m_SmoothFieldTime.Stop();
}

template <typename TFixedImage, typename TMovingImage, typename TDisplacementField, typename TParentImageFilter>
void
GPUPDEDeformableRegistrationFilter<TFixedImage, TMovingImage, TDisplacementField, TParentImageFilter>::
  AllocateSmoothingBuffer()
{
  DisplacementFieldPointer field = this->GetOutput();

  // allocate smoothing buffer
  m_TempField->SetOrigin(field->GetOrigin());
  m_TempField->SetSpacing(field->GetSpacing());
  m_TempField->SetDirection(field->GetDirection());
  m_TempField->SetLargestPossibleRegion(field->GetLargestPossibleRegion());
  m_TempField->SetRequestedRegion(field->GetRequestedRegion());
  m_TempField->SetBufferedRegion(field->GetBufferedRegion());
  m_TempField->Allocate();

  using OperatorType = GaussianOperator<DeformationScalarType, ImageDimension>;
  OperatorType oper;
  // Automatically create the smoothing kernels in advance.
  // Therefore, we will avoid the data copy to GPU at every
  // call to the smoothing function.
  //
  // Allocate smoothing kernel for displacement field
  for (unsigned int dir = 0; dir < ImageDimension; ++dir)
  {
    // for each smoothing direction
    oper.SetDirection(dir);
    double variance = itk::Math::sqr(this->GetStandardDeviations()[dir]);
    oper.SetVariance(variance);
    oper.SetMaximumError(this->GetMaximumError());
    oper.SetMaximumKernelWidth(this->GetMaximumKernelWidth());
    oper.CreateDirectional();
    int ksize = oper.GetSize()[dir];

    m_SmoothingKernelSizes[dir] = ksize;
    m_SmoothingKernels[dir] = new DeformationScalarType[ksize];
    for (int i = 0; i < ksize; ++i)
    {
      m_SmoothingKernels[dir][i] = (DeformationScalarType)(oper[i]);
    }

    // convolution kernel buffer on GPU
    m_GPUSmoothingKernels[dir] = GPUDataManager::New();
    m_GPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetBufferSize(sizeof(DeformationScalarType) * ksize);
    m_GPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetCPUBufferPointer(m_SmoothingKernels[dir]);
    m_GPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetBufferFlag(CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
    m_GPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->Allocate();

    m_GPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetGPUDirtyFlag(true);
  }
  // Allocate smoothing kernel for update field
  for (unsigned int dir = 0; dir < ImageDimension; ++dir)
  {
    // for each smoothing direction
    oper.SetDirection(dir);
    double variance = itk::Math::sqr(this->GetUpdateFieldStandardDeviations()[dir]);
    oper.SetVariance(variance);
    oper.SetMaximumError(this->GetMaximumError());
    oper.SetMaximumKernelWidth(this->GetMaximumKernelWidth());
    oper.CreateDirectional();
    int ksize = oper.GetSize()[dir];

    m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernelSizes[dir] = ksize;
    m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels[dir] = new DeformationScalarType[ksize];
    for (int i = 0; i < ksize; ++i)
    {
      m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels[dir][i] = (DeformationScalarType)(oper[i]);
    }

    // convolution kernel buffer on GPU
    m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[dir] = GPUDataManager::New();
    m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetBufferSize(sizeof(DeformationScalarType) * ksize);
    m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetCPUBufferPointer(m_UpdateFieldSmoothingKernels[dir]);
    m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetBufferFlag(CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
    m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->Allocate();

    m_UpdateFieldGPUSmoothingKernels[dir]->SetGPUDirtyFlag(true);
  }

  // allocate image dimension array
  typename TDisplacementField::SizeType outSize = field->GetLargestPossibleRegion().GetSize();
  m_ImageSizes = new int[3];
  m_ImageSizes[0] = m_ImageSizes[1] = m_ImageSizes[2] = 1;

  int ImageDim = static_cast<int>(TDisplacementField::ImageDimension);
  if (ImageDim > 3)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("GPUSmoothDisplacementField supports 1/2/3D images.");
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < ImageDim; ++i)
  {
    m_ImageSizes[i] = outSize[i];
  }

  m_GPUImageSizes = GPUDataManager::New();
  m_GPUImageSizes->SetBufferSize(sizeof(int) * 3);
  m_GPUImageSizes->SetCPUBufferPointer(m_ImageSizes);
  m_GPUImageSizes->SetBufferFlag(CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
  m_GPUImageSizes->Allocate();

  m_GPUImageSizes->SetGPUDirtyFlag(true);
}

} // end namespace itk

#endif
