/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/

#ifndef itkUpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet_hxx
#define itkUpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet_hxx

#include "itkConnectedImageNeighborhoodShape.h"
#include "itkMath.h"


namespace itk
{

template <unsigned int VDimension, typename TEquationContainer>
UpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet<VDimension, TEquationContainer>::UpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet()
  : m_CurrentLevelSetId(IdentifierType{})
  , m_RMSChangeAccumulator(LevelSetOutputRealType{})

{
  this->m_Offset.Fill(0);
  this->m_OutputLevelSet = LevelSetType::New();
}

template <unsigned int VDimension, typename TEquationContainer>
void
UpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet<VDimension, TEquationContainer>::Update()
{
  if (this->m_InputLevelSet.IsNull())
  {
    itkGenericExceptionMacro("m_InputLevelSet is nullptr");
  }

  this->m_Offset = this->m_InputLevelSet->GetDomainOffset();

  this->m_OutputLevelSet->SetLayer(LevelSetType::ZeroLayer(),
                                   this->m_InputLevelSet->GetLayer(LevelSetType::ZeroLayer()));
  this->m_OutputLevelSet->SetLabelMap(this->m_InputLevelSet->GetModifiableLabelMap());
  this->m_OutputLevelSet->SetDomainOffset(this->m_Offset);

  using LabelMapToLabelImageFilterType = LabelMapToLabelImageFilter<LevelSetLabelMapType, LabelImageType>;
  auto labelMapToLabelImageFilter = LabelMapToLabelImageFilterType::New();
  labelMapToLabelImageFilter->SetInput(this->m_InputLevelSet->GetLabelMap());
  labelMapToLabelImageFilter->Update();

  this->m_InternalImage = labelMapToLabelImageFilter->GetOutput();
  this->m_InternalImage->DisconnectPipeline();

  this->FillUpdateContainer();

  if (this->m_IsUsingUnPhasedPropagation)
  {
    EvolveWithUnPhasedPropagation();
    CompactLayersToSinglePixelThickness();
  }
  else
  {
    LevelSetLayerType & listZero = this->m_OutputLevelSet->GetLayer(LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());

    LevelSetLayerType listPos;
    LevelSetLayerType updatePos;

    LevelSetLayerType listNeg;
    LevelSetLayerType updateNeg;

    auto nodeIt = listZero.begin();
    auto nodeEnd = listZero.end();

    auto upIt = this->m_Update.begin();

    while (nodeIt != nodeEnd)
    {
      itkAssertInDebugAndIgnoreInReleaseMacro(nodeIt->first == upIt->first);

      const LevelSetInputType  currentIdx = nodeIt->first;
      const LevelSetOutputType update = upIt->second;

      if (update > 0)
      {
        listPos.insert(NodePairType(currentIdx, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer()));
        updatePos.insert(NodePairType(currentIdx, LevelSetType::PlusOneLayer()));
      }
      else
      {
        listNeg.insert(NodePairType(currentIdx, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer()));
        updateNeg.insert(NodePairType(currentIdx, LevelSetType::MinusOneLayer()));
      }
      ++nodeIt;
      ++upIt;
    }

    // contraction
    this->EvolveWithPhasedPropagation(listPos, updatePos, true);
    this->CompactLayersToSinglePixelThickness();

    // dilation
    this->EvolveWithPhasedPropagation(listNeg, updateNeg, false);
    this->CompactLayersToSinglePixelThickness();
  }

  using LabelImageToLabelMapFilterType = LabelImageToLabelMapFilter<LabelImageType, LevelSetLabelMapType>;
  auto labelImageToLabelMapFilter = LabelImageToLabelMapFilterType::New();
  labelImageToLabelMapFilter->SetInput(this->m_InternalImage);
  labelImageToLabelMapFilter->SetBackgroundValue(LevelSetType::PlusOneLayer());
  labelImageToLabelMapFilter->Update();

  LevelSetLabelMapPointer outputLabelMap = this->m_OutputLevelSet->GetModifiableLabelMap();
  outputLabelMap->Graft(labelImageToLabelMapFilter->GetOutput());
}

template <unsigned int VDimension, typename TEquationContainer>
void
UpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet<VDimension, TEquationContainer>::FillUpdateContainer()
{
  LevelSetLayerType levelZero = this->m_OutputLevelSet->GetLayer(LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());

  auto nodeIt = levelZero.begin();
  auto nodeEnd = levelZero.end();

  TermContainerPointer termContainer = this->m_EquationContainer->GetEquation(this->m_CurrentLevelSetId);

  LevelSetInputType inputIndex;
  while (nodeIt != nodeEnd)
  {
    const LevelSetInputType currentIndex = nodeIt->first;
    inputIndex = currentIndex + this->m_Offset;

    const LevelSetOutputRealType update = termContainer->Evaluate(inputIndex);

    LevelSetOutputType value{};

    if (update > LevelSetOutputRealType{})
    {
      value = NumericTraits<LevelSetOutputType>::OneValue();
    }
    if (update < LevelSetOutputRealType{})
    {
      value = -NumericTraits<LevelSetOutputType>::OneValue();
    }

    this->m_Update.insert(NodePairType(currentIndex, value));

    ++nodeIt;
  }
}

template <unsigned int VDimension, typename TEquationContainer>
void
UpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet<VDimension, TEquationContainer>::EvolveWithUnPhasedPropagation()
{
  LevelSetOutputType  oldValue;
  LevelSetOutputType  newValue;
  LevelSetLayerType & levelZero = this->m_OutputLevelSet->GetLayer(LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());

  // neighborhood iterator
  ZeroFluxNeumannBoundaryCondition<LabelImageType> sp_nbc;

  typename NeighborhoodIteratorType::RadiusType radius;
  radius.Fill(1);

  NeighborhoodIteratorType neighIt(radius, this->m_InternalImage, this->m_InternalImage->GetLargestPossibleRegion());

  neighIt.OverrideBoundaryCondition(&sp_nbc);
  neighIt.ActivateOffsets(GenerateConnectedImageNeighborhoodShapeOffsets<ImageDimension, 1, false>());

  TermContainerPointer termContainer = this->m_EquationContainer->GetEquation(this->m_CurrentLevelSetId);

  LevelSetLayerType insertList;

  auto nodeIt = levelZero.begin();
  auto nodeEnd = levelZero.end();

  auto upIt = this->m_Update.begin();

  LevelSetInputType inputIndex;
  while (nodeIt != nodeEnd)
  {
    const LevelSetInputType currentIdx = nodeIt->first;
    inputIndex = currentIdx + this->m_Offset;

    itkAssertInDebugAndIgnoreInReleaseMacro(currentIdx == upIt->first);

    const LevelSetOutputType update = upIt->second;

    if (update != LevelSetOutputType{})
    {
      oldValue = LevelSetType::ZeroLayer();

      if (update > LevelSetOutputType{})
      {
        newValue = LevelSetType::PlusOneLayer();
      }
      else
      {
        newValue = LevelSetType::MinusOneLayer();
      }

      auto tempIt = nodeIt;
      ++nodeIt;
      ++upIt;
      levelZero.erase(tempIt);

      this->m_InternalImage->SetPixel(currentIdx, newValue);
      termContainer->UpdatePixel(inputIndex, oldValue, newValue);

      neighIt.SetLocation(currentIdx);

      for (typename NeighborhoodIteratorType::Iterator i = neighIt.Begin(); !i.IsAtEnd(); ++i)
      {
        LevelSetOutputType tempValue = i.Get();
        if (tempValue * newValue == -1)
        {
          LevelSetInputType tempIndex = neighIt.GetIndex(i.GetNeighborhoodOffset());

          insertList.insert(NodePairType(tempIndex, tempValue));
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      ++nodeIt;
      ++upIt;
    }
  }

  nodeIt = insertList.begin();
  nodeEnd = insertList.end();
  while (nodeIt != nodeEnd)
  {
    levelZero.insert(NodePairType(nodeIt->first, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer()));

    this->m_InternalImage->SetPixel(nodeIt->first, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());
    termContainer->UpdatePixel(nodeIt->first + this->m_Offset, nodeIt->second, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());
    ++nodeIt;
  }
}

template <unsigned int VDimension, typename TEquationContainer>
void
UpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet<VDimension, TEquationContainer>::EvolveWithPhasedPropagation(LevelSetLayerType & ioList,
                                                                                         LevelSetLayerType & ioUpdate,
                                                                                         const bool iContraction)
{
  itkAssertInDebugAndIgnoreInReleaseMacro(ioList.size() == ioUpdate.size());

  ZeroFluxNeumannBoundaryCondition<LabelImageType> sp_nbc;

  typename NeighborhoodIteratorType::RadiusType radius;
  radius.Fill(1);

  NeighborhoodIteratorType neighIt(radius, this->m_InternalImage, this->m_InternalImage->GetLargestPossibleRegion());

  neighIt.OverrideBoundaryCondition(&sp_nbc);
  neighIt.ActivateOffsets(GenerateConnectedImageNeighborhoodShapeOffsets<ImageDimension, 1, false>());

  TermContainerPointer termContainer = this->m_EquationContainer->GetEquation(this->m_CurrentLevelSetId);

  LevelSetLayerType insertList;

  auto nodeIt = ioList.begin();
  auto nodeEnd = ioList.end();

  auto upIt = ioUpdate.begin();

  LevelSetLayerType outputLayerZero = this->m_OutputLevelSet->GetLayer(LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());

  while (nodeIt != nodeEnd)
  {
    itkAssertInDebugAndIgnoreInReleaseMacro(nodeIt->first == upIt->first);

    LevelSetOutputType oldValue = LevelSetType::ZeroLayer();
    LevelSetOutputType newValue;

    LevelSetOutputType update = upIt->second;
    LevelSetInputType  currentIdx = nodeIt->first;
    LevelSetInputType  inputIndex = currentIdx + this->m_Offset;

    if (Math::NotAlmostEquals(update, LevelSetOutputRealType{}))
    {
      // only allow positiveUpdate forces
      if (iContraction)
      {
        newValue = LevelSetType::PlusOneLayer();
      }
      else
      {
        newValue = LevelSetType::MinusOneLayer();
      }

      auto tempIt = nodeIt;
      ++nodeIt;
      ++upIt;
      ioList.erase(tempIt);
      outputLayerZero.erase(currentIdx);

      this->m_InternalImage->SetPixel(currentIdx, newValue);

      termContainer->UpdatePixel(inputIndex, oldValue, newValue);

      neighIt.SetLocation(currentIdx);

      for (typename NeighborhoodIteratorType::Iterator i = neighIt.Begin(); !i.IsAtEnd(); ++i)
      {
        LevelSetOutputType tempValue = i.Get();

        if (tempValue * newValue == -1)
        {
          LevelSetInputType tempIdx = neighIt.GetIndex(i.GetNeighborhoodOffset());

          insertList.insert(NodePairType(tempIdx, tempValue));
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      ++nodeIt;
      ++upIt;
    }
  }

  nodeIt = insertList.begin();
  nodeEnd = insertList.end();

  while (nodeIt != nodeEnd)
  {
    outputLayerZero.insert(NodePairType(nodeIt->first, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer()));

    termContainer->UpdatePixel(nodeIt->first + this->m_Offset, nodeIt->second, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());
    this->m_InternalImage->SetPixel(nodeIt->first, LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());

    ++nodeIt;
  }
}

template <unsigned int VDimension, typename TEquationContainer>
void
UpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet<VDimension, TEquationContainer>::CompactLayersToSinglePixelThickness()
{
  LevelSetLayerType & listZero = this->m_OutputLevelSet->GetLayer(LevelSetType::ZeroLayer());

  ZeroFluxNeumannBoundaryCondition<LabelImageType> sp_nbc;

  typename NeighborhoodIteratorType::RadiusType radius;
  radius.Fill(1);

  NeighborhoodIteratorType neighIt(radius, this->m_InternalImage, this->m_InternalImage->GetLargestPossibleRegion());

  neighIt.OverrideBoundaryCondition(&sp_nbc);
  neighIt.ActivateOffsets(GenerateConnectedImageNeighborhoodShapeOffsets<ImageDimension, 1, false>());

  auto nodeIt = listZero.begin();
  auto nodeEnd = listZero.end();

  TermContainerPointer termContainer = this->m_EquationContainer->GetEquation(this->m_CurrentLevelSetId);

  LevelSetInputType inputIndex;
  while (nodeIt != nodeEnd)
  {
    LevelSetInputType currentIdx = nodeIt->first;
    inputIndex = currentIdx + this->m_Offset;

    neighIt.SetLocation(currentIdx);

    bool positiveUpdate = false;
    bool negativeUpdate = false;

    LevelSetOutputRealType oldValue = LevelSetType::ZeroLayer();
    for (typename NeighborhoodIteratorType::Iterator i = neighIt.Begin(); !i.IsAtEnd(); ++i)
    {
      LevelSetOutputType tempValue = i.Get();
      if (tempValue == LevelSetType::MinusOneLayer())
      {
        negativeUpdate = true;
      }
      if (tempValue == LevelSetType::PlusOneLayer())
      {
        positiveUpdate = true;
      }
    }

    if (negativeUpdate && !positiveUpdate)
    {
      const LevelSetOutputRealType newValue = LevelSetType::MinusOneLayer();
      auto                         tempIt = nodeIt;
      ++nodeIt;
      listZero.erase(tempIt);

      this->m_InternalImage->SetPixel(currentIdx, static_cast<typename LabelImageType::PixelType>(newValue));
      termContainer->UpdatePixel(inputIndex, oldValue, newValue);
    }
    else
    {
      if (positiveUpdate && !negativeUpdate)
      {
        const LevelSetOutputRealType newValue = LevelSetType::PlusOneLayer();
        auto                         tempIt = nodeIt;
        ++nodeIt;
        listZero.erase(tempIt);

        this->m_InternalImage->SetPixel(currentIdx, static_cast<typename LabelImageType::PixelType>(newValue));

        termContainer->UpdatePixel(inputIndex, oldValue, newValue);
      }
      else
      {
        ++nodeIt;
      }
    }
  }
}

} // namespace itk
#endif // itkUpdateMalcolmSparseLevelSet_hxx
